Over the past two years, India has been working its diplomatic channels with Botswana, South Africa and Kenya as it navigates a complex set of negotiations to replenish its African cheetah population.
Senior members of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) have said that talks with South Africa, a key source country, have slowed down following the formation of a new political coalition after general elections there last year. At the same time, Botswana has formally committed to sending four cheetahs, and discussions are underway to finalise timelines. In Kenya, negotiations remain broad, centred on long-term collaboration rather than immediate translocation.
As many as 20 cheetahs have already been brought to India as part of the country’s ambitious translocation plans. Of these, eight were brought from Namibia in 2022 and 12 from South Africa in early 2023. They were all brought to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh.
In April this year, the Madhya Pradesh government announced that eight new cheetahs would be brought from Botswana and that the first four would arrive by May. That is yet to happen.
A senior official from the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) said, “We have sought an engagement to work out the logistics. Our High Commission is coordinating to arrive at dates of mutual convenience. The Union Minister concerned has been working on speeding up negotiations with the other countries.”
Records of Cheetah Project Steering Committee meetings show that as early as December 13, 2023, the committee was apprised that “steps have been taken for bringing further cheetahs from Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan, and other range countries as well.” However, the NTCA has clarified that as of now, there is “no arrangement with Sudan or Tanzania”.
As for South Africa, with the translocation of 12 cheetahs having already taken place in 2023, experts from the country have been closely associated with India’s Cheetah Project. However, the changes in government in the country have led to delays in further discussions to bring more cheetahs to India, officials said.
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“In South Africa, there has been a significant change in the government since the last engagement. Hence, the processes are taking time. The new government is going through the nuances and understanding the project,” a senior NTCA official. In 2024, the ruling African National Congress lost its outright majority, which it had enjoyed for over 30 years, and has been in a shaky coalition with the Democratic Alliance that is under threat of collapse over sharp divisions between the two parties.
As per the steering committee’s meeting records from December 4, 2024, committee adviser S P Yadav said that “bringing cheetahs from South Africa may take time beyond three months since negotiations are underway”.
“Cheetahs from Kuno National Park need to be translocated to the Gandhisagar Wildlife Sanctuary for fostering housekeeping practices. The fresh lot from South Africa are to be housed in Kuno,” Yadav told the committee.
The DIG of the NTCA, Dr Vaibhav C Mathur, had in this meeting apprised the committee that a high-level delegation had visited Kenya “for sourcing of cheetahs” and that action was underway “for dialogue with governments of Botswana and South Africa on sourcing of cheetahs”.
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On February 19 this year, the State Chief Wildlife Warden, Shubharanjan Sen, again suggested to the committee that the cheetahs in Kuno be transported in order to “bring new cheetahs from South Africa”.
Mathur had apprised the committee that there was a “deadlock with South Africa” and that officials were trying to address it. Mathur also told the committee that an MoU with Kenya would be signed in the first week of March.
Unlike with Botswana, discussions with Kenya have remained “generic and overarching”, with the focus more on “capacity building for their staff, use of technology for protection, and similar collaborative efforts,” an NTCA official said.
The chairman of the Cheetah Project Steering Committee, Dr Rajesh Gopal, said, “We are yet to get a fresh stock. In the last steering committee meeting, the Government of India informed us that discussions are ongoing. Several countries are being explored — we haven’t narrowed it down to one yet. There are options on the table.”
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Madhya Pradesh wildlife officials are also involved in on-ground diplomacy. A senior state forest department officer, who was part of a delegation to South Africa, said, “We have visited South Africa and held discussions with their team. We will soon issue an update after the NTCA delegation clears some issues… There are new officials and we are getting them up to speed with our preparations in Gandhisagar and our success with the project.”
After a number of deaths and several births, the cheetah population in Kuno now stands at 26, including nine adult cheetahs (six females and three males) and 17 cubs born in India. Officials said all the remaining cheetahs, including the two males kept at Gandhisagar, are in good health.
